Economic Sustainability And Economic Development - 1913 Words

Sustainable. Often heard used as a marketing buzzword to boost sales or win votes, it is firmly ingrained in the contemporary public psyche. A term first largely introduced by the 1987 Brundtland Report (by The World Commission on Environment and Development) who defined and politicized the term ‘sustainable development’, ‘sustainability’ has since taken on numerous connotations. Ecological sustainability refers to the robustness of our ecosystems and the ability to maintain or enhance our planet’s unique biodiversity. Economic sustainability is defined by Cato as continued economic development while not degrading our planet’s ecology (Cato, 2011), however not all definitions accord such a large role to the ecological state of our planet.†¦show more content†¦Where environmental problems are concerned, the neoclassical approach does not account for the market failure that occurs when all individuals are making decisions to achieve their personal ‘greatest happiness’. While theoretically this leads to a balanced optimum market; exclusivity, non-excludability, externalities, imperfect information, inappropriate government regulations and prisoners’ dilemma all prevent the macro-economic market from reaching a true pareto optimum (Goodland et. al, 1987) as predicted by the paradigm. In environmental terms, market failure results in an array of impacts of varying significance that are often amplified by the globalized macro-economy and our planet’s vast social inequity. For example, an externality such as air pollution may not directly affect the consumer, but can have adverse impacts on the local environment where the product was produced. This impact is often not reflected in the market value of the product, altering marginal cost curve and undermining the possibility of reaching an optimal market. In addition, the impacts of market failure often disproportionately affect the poorest communities and amplify social inequity. The neoclassical paradigm is thus fundamentally

A Comparison of Two Poems About Love Essay Example For Students

A Comparison of Two Poems About Love Essay The two poems I have chosen on the theme of love are Porphyrias Lover by Robert Browning and Stop All The Clocks by W.H Auden. Porphyrias Lover, a dramatic monologue was written as a piece of entertainment in Victorian times, it would have been acted out to an audience. The narrative of this poem is that Porphyria was seeing someone below her own social class and no one knew about their relationship. She left the party early to go and see him as shown in the lines When glided in Porphyria ; strait she shut the cold out and the storm even they both knew that they could never be together forever. Stop All The Clocks is about the death of a much loved partner , The speaker wants all the ordinary thing in his life to stop happening and he also wants the whole world to stop. Now he has lost the love of his life he has no reason to go on any more, as shown in the lines Stop all the clocks, cut of the telephone, prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone Porphyrias Lover a very dramatic monologue as shown in the lines and strangled her. No pain felt she, I am quite sure she felt no pain. This shows that there is a use of dramatic language, he did not want her to feel no pain because he loved her, it also emphasises the point that she is dead. This poem is written as one long story, consisting of one long stanza. The poem is written in first person as if there is an imaginary speaker, the young man. No one knows who he could be, perhaps Browning heard about the story from real life and turned it onto a poem. Although there are very clear descriptions of both of them, as shown in the lines dripping cloak and shawl and laid her soiled gloves by, untied her hat and let the damp hair fall this helps you to see a reasonable description of how she looked that night. In Porphyrias Lover the speaker of the poem is in a deep mood of depression, shown in the lines the rain set early into the night, the sullen wind was soon awake this describes the characters mood but it also mirrors the weather and sets the scene of the poem, the young man also seems very lonely and depressed, I listend with a heart fit to break this shows that the man I very heartbroken and he just wants to be loved by her and he wants to be with her forever as shown in the lines and give herself to me forever, but he knows that it will never happen, as shown in the lines made my heart swell, and still it grew while I debated what to do! Throughout this poem there are several uses of alternate rhymes: awake and lake, warm and form and straight and grate. These words help the poem to flow and to unify it. The poem Stop All The Clocks by W.H Auden is a lot shorter and it consists of four equal stanzas and each one consists of four lines. This poem is much shorter and simpler. This helps the reader of the poem to understand the poets emotions. Unlike Brownings poem this poem expresses there feelings of someone who has lost of his loved one, as shown in the lines for nothing now can ever come to any good. The poem does not explain what has happened, it tells you how the man is feeling and about his loss, as shown in the lines My north, my south, my east, my west this shows that his loved one meant the world to him, and he now feels directionless and he doesnt no were to go or what to do. Also about his emotions and that he is grieving, as shown in the lines silence the pianos and with muffled drum, bring out the coffin, let the mourners come .The poem explains how the man is dealing with the loss of his loved one. The writer expresses his feelings very strongly, he thinks that his world has ended as shown in the lines pack up the moon and dismantle the sun. Also that he has no reason to live any more. The speaker uses his feelings to tell other people that may be in his position when they have lost their loved one. As shown in the lines Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead the word moaning shows the grief that the speaker is feeling through the use of personification. It also gives the reader a sense of great loss. The feelings expressed in the poem overall devastation, leaving the reader of the poem in deep sympathy for the man because he seems lost without his long lost loved one, as shown in the lines my working week and my Sunday rest. He just wants his life to end, and everyone else to notice that he cant hack being alone by him self, so lonely, shown in the lines Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood; for nothing now can come to any good. The communication aspects of the "Dead Poets Society" EssayThe woman in this poem is very out of touch and old fashioned as shown in the linesand made her smooth, white shoulder bare, and all her yellow hair displaced This shows that she was putting her shoulder on show on purpose, she was being very provocative because having your shoulder or legs showing in those days meant that you were being very open and provocative. Whereas nowadays if you did that everyone would not think any less of you and its known to be normal. By doing this she made the man think that she wanted him to see all of her flesh and that he felt happy and wanted because of the provocative way that she was acting. The man in the poem is in a much lower social class to the women and this is why they cant be together for ever. She is from a wealthy family and her father would have been an important person whereas the man in the poem was just a peasant compared to her family. He knows they would not approve and they certainly would not let their daughter marry him. However in Stop All The Clocks which is a 20th century poem nothing is mentioned about their social classes, because people these days dont really worry about that type of thing. These two poems are totally different, although they are about the same subject; one is more modern than the other one. In Porphyrias Lover the poet compares the dead lover to a shut bud. This is very weird as shown in the lines I am quite sure she felt no pain. As a shut bud that holds a bee , He murdered her, but he did not want to cause her any pain because he loves her. The metaphor a bee in a shut bud is used because a bee could not escape from a shut bud, just like Porphyria could not escape from him, also she was being held gently and a bee in a shut bud is held gently. Porphyrias Lover has a moral to the poem and Stop All The Clocks does not really have one. The moral of the Browning poem is to warn young ladies like her not to have a secret relationship with anyone especially if they are of a lower social class than you. The warning is to avoid falling in love with anyone thats not suitable and dont disobey and lie to your family about what youre doing and where you have been or where youre going. Stop all the Clocks is a clear expression of feelings when someone who is loved dies, most people cam relate to how painful death is. Personally I prefer the poem Stop All the Clocks By W. H. Auden; there are many reasons for this. Its a more modern poem, and it makes more sense to me. I like the use of metaphors and how they show the feelings of the speaker, He was my north, my south, my east, my west, my working week and my Sunday rest. This compares the love for the dead person with the points of a compass, which shows how big and strong the love was. However I dont think that there was no purpose to this poem when it was wrote, even though the words and feelings used to describe the feelings of the speaker do explain a lot and they tend to give you an impression of what has happened and what they have lost, it also tells you what it can feel like to loose someone close to you. Although if the reader has lost someone then they can relate to the poem and the feelings that have been described in the poem much more. The use of repetition adds impact on the thoughts of the reader, as shown in the lines my noon, my midnight, my talk, my song. When repetition is used it forces the message across to the reader, in this case the message was that the heart broken lover who lost there loved one is saying that his lover was only his and no one elses, also no one else would understand his feelings because o one would understand why he was hurting so much. The final reason why I preferred this poem to Porphyrias Lover is because the heart broken man just wanted everything in the world to stop as shown in the lines pack up the moon and dismantle the sun and I can understand that and it made me feel sympathy for him. The reason why he wanted everything to stop was that he had no reason to carry on in life. He has lost the person who was the centre of his world and he is now lost because he is by himself. This poem is a very expressive poem and it explains his feelings and what he is going through.

Heideggers Conceptual Essences Being And The Nothing, Humanism, And T

Heideggers Conceptual Essences: Being And The Nothing, Humanism, And Technology Heideggers Conceptual Essences: Being and the Nothing, Humanism, and Technology Being and the Nothing are the same. The ancient philosopher Lao-tzu believed that the world entertains no separations and that opposites do not actually exist. His grounding for this seemingly preposterous proposition lies in the fact that because alleged opposites depend on one another and their definitions rely on their differences, they cannot possibly exist without each other. Therefore, they are not actually opposites. The simple and uncomplex natured reasoning behind this outrageous statement is useful when trying to understand and describe Martin Heideggers deeply leveled philosophy of Being and the nothing. Lao-tzus uncomplicated rationale used in stating that supposed opposites create each other, so cannot be opposite, is not unlike Heideggers description of the similarity between the opposites Being and the nothing. Unlike Lao-tzu, Heidegger does not claim that no opposites exist. He does however say that two obviously opposite concepts are the same, and in this way, the two philosophies are similar. He believes that the separation of beings from Being creates the nothing between them. Without the nothing, Being would cease to be. If there were not the nothing, there could not be anything, because this separation between beings and Being is necessary. Heidegger even goes so far as to say that Being itself actually becomes the nothing via its essential finity. This statement implies a synonymity between the relation of life to death and the relation of Being to nothingness. To Heidegger, the only end is death. It is completely absolute, so it is a gateway into the nothing. This proposition makes Being and the nothing the two halves of the whole. Both of their roles are equally important and necessary in the cycle of life and death. Each individual life inevitably ends in death, but without this death, Life would be allowed no progression: The nothing does not merely serve as the counterconcept of beings; rather, it originally belongs to their essential unfolding as such (104). Likewise, death cannot occur without finite life. In concordance with the statement that the nothing separates beings from Being, the idea that death leads to the nothing implies that death is just the loss of the theoretical sandwich's bread slices, leaving nothing for the rest of ever. The existence of death, therefore, is much more important in the whole because it magnifies the nothing into virtually everything. The magnification of the nothing serves as an equalizer between Being and nothing because Being is so robust and obvious that it magnifies itself. In this case, the opposites are completely reliant on each other, not only conceptually but physically. Heidegger gives new meaning to Lao-tzus philosophy that opposites define each other when he tries to uncover the true essence and meaning of Being, and he reveals another level of intertwination between the nothing and Being. In order to define Being, it is mandatory to step outside of it, into the nothing because: Everything we talk about, mean, and are related to in such and such a way is in Being. What and how we are ourselves are is also in Being. Being is found in thatness and whatness, reality, the being at hand of things [Vorhandenheit], subsistence, validity, existence [Dasein], and in the there is [es gibt] (47). Heidegger is very adamant on the importance of unbiased judgments and definitions, and how could he possibly calculate the exact meaning of Being while viewing it from a state of Being? Thus it is necessary to step out into the nothing to fully comprehend Being. For this reason, human beings are the only beings capable of pondering the essence of existence and nonexistence. Dasein are the only creatures capable because they are held out into the nothing: Being and the nothing do belong together . . . because Being itself is essentially finite and reveals itself only in the transcendence of Dasein which is held out into the nothing (108). The highest determinations of the essence of man in humanism still do not realize the proper dignity of man (233). When Heidegger rejects the title humanist, it is not because he is anti-humanity or even pessimistic about the fate of the human race. Rather, he rejects the category because he rightly sees humanism as defined with man at the center, which is a point of view he very strongly rejects. Perhaps in some other era, Heidegger could fittingly be called a humanist; however, he believes that the word humanism ... has lost its meaning (247). The modern connotation of humanism is not suitable for Heidegger mainly because in relation to the cosmos, other

Endosymbiotic Theory

Endosymbiotic Theory The endosymbiotic theory is the accepted mechanism for how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. First published by Lynn Margulis in the late 1960s, the Endosymbiont Theory proposed that the main organelles of the eukaryotic cell were actually primitive prokaryotic cells that had been engulfed by a different, bigger prokaryotic cell. The term endosymbiosis means to cooperate inside. Whether the larger cell provided protection for the smaller cells, or the smaller cells provided energy to the larger cell, this arrangement seemed to be mutually beneficial to all of the prokaryotes. While this sounded like a far-fetched idea at first, the data to back it up is undeniable. The organelles that seemed to have been their own cells include the mitochondria and, in photosynthetic cells, the chloroplast. Both of these organelles have their own DNA and their own ribosomes that do not match the rest of the cell. This indicates that they could survive and reproduce on their own. In fact, the DNA in the chloroplast is very similar to photosynthetic bacteria called cyanobacteria. The DNA in the mitochondria is most like that of the bacteria that causes typhus. Before these prokaryotes were able to undergo endosymbiosis, they first most likely had to become colonial organisms. Colonial organisms are groups of prokaryotic, single-celled organisms that live in close proximity to other single-celled prokaryotes. Even though the individual single-celled organisms remained separate and could survive independently, there was some sort of advantage to living close to other prokaryotes. Whether this was a function of protection or a way to get more energy, colonialism has to be beneficial in some manner for all of the prokaryotes involved in the colony. Once these single-celled living things were within close enough proximity to one another, they took their symbiotic relationship one step further. The larger unicellular organism engulfed other, smaller, single-celled organisms. At that point, they were no longer independent colonial organisms but instead were one large cell. When the larger cell that had engulfed the smaller cells went to divide, copies of the smaller prokaryotes inside were made and passed down to the daughter cells. Eventually, the smaller prokaryotes that had been engulfed adapted and evolved into some of the organelles we know of today in eukaryotic cells like the mitochondria and chloroplasts. Other organelles eventually arose from these first organelles, including the nucleus where the DNA in a eukaryote is housed, the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus. In the modern eukaryotic cell, these parts are known as membrane-bound organelles. They still do not appear in prokaryotic cells like bacteria and archaea but are present in all organisms classified under the Eukarya domain.

Feminist Theory Reader- Critical Analysis Paper Term

Feminist Theory Reader- Critical Analysis - Term Paper Example Shakespearian tragedies were male-centered though some of his female characters like Lady Macbeth in â€Å"Macbeth† and Portia in the tragi-comedy, â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† expressed the glimpse of heroism. The presentation of women as suppressed under the male folk is not specifically the peculiarity of the literature of Shakespeare’s time, but one find it even in modern literatures as found in the plays of the modern dramatist Bernard Shaw. Shaw’s â€Å"Pygmalion† clearly reveals how the girl Eliza Doolittle is suffocating under Professor Henry’s treatment. Therefore, one can infer that history has not marked tremendous changes in the treatment of women in literature even if there were many feminist movements. Nevertheless, one cannot disregard the significant role of the various revolutionary feminist movements occurred during the first part of 19th century and spread all through the following centuries. The mushrooming of the feminis t movements facilitated women writing and witnessed some classical writing, purely challenging male chauvinism in both social and cultural life. Analyzing the feminist theories and writing, one may feel that they have the right claim of equality with the male folk, and should not be considered a second class. McCann & Kim (2003, p.1) identifies that â€Å"The term â€Å"feminism† usually refers in its most general sense to political activism by women on behalf of women.† They have also identified that feminism can be regarded as a movement that started in the 1970s which was actually originated in France in the 1880s. Analyzing the historical origin of the word ‘feminism’ one can see, â€Å"it combines the French word for woman, â€Å"femme,† with the suffix meaning political position, â€Å"ism,† and was used in that time and place to refer to those who defended the cause of women† (McCann & Kim, 2003, p.1). It was the French philosop her, Simone De Beauvoir who first used this term in The Second Sex which later spread all over the world. McCann & Kim (2003, p.1) have clearly stated the claim of feminism when they said thus, â€Å"Feminism involves the implicit claim that the prevailing conditions under which women live are unjust and must be changed.† The feminists also propounded the view that women have the ability to recognize the injustices that they face in their day to day life, and as such, they can change the existing situations. Thus, one can see that the feminists set out various theories that would promote their status totally refuting the present status as second class citizens. McCann & Kim (2003) in their book, "Feminist Theory Reader" explores the important works in feminist theory by incorporating the works of some of the feminists, specifically the women of color and post colonial scholars. These scholars provide both global and local perspectives of feminism by challenging the hegemony o f white, Western feminism, providing an approach to feminist theory for the twenty-first century. This is also to be noted that this approach includes the conversations among postcolonial women and women of color about issues of gender, race, colonialism, and sexuality as paramount to understanding the concerns of feminism (McCann & Kim, 2003). The feminists anthologized in this book are of the opinion that the females should endeavor to attain respect, mutual benefits, equal wages, a voice or presence in male dominated world. They solely have the right of liberty as the country itself has obtained it by

The book Common Sense by Thomas Paine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

The book Common Sense by Thomas Paine - Essay Example The author is completely against the rule of royals, and believed that in the earlier times there were no kings, and, for the very same reason, there was peace and tranquility among men. But this is not applicable in all ages, as once people get civilized, the question comes about authority and power. The able and the fittest among people urge for superiority and have a want and desire to rule the inferior ones. â€Å"Government by kings was first introduced into the world by the Heathens, from whom the children of Israel copied the custom. It was the most prosperous invention the Devil ever set on foot for the promotion of idolatry†(Paine). So Paine intends to point out that once the government got introduced to the human history, there was a scene of suppression of right and values of the laymen. Pain was of the opinion that, a government or monarchy should not aim at ruling a country or society, but should focus on giving opportunity and space to personal development and gr owth and complete happiness and prosperity of public. Actually, he is completely right on this part, as government should be by the people, for the people, and of the people. A full full-fledged republican outlook, wherein all the common men get what they want in the right proportion is the right thing to be done for the welfare of the common men. Paine writes that human being was born with an equal status and only a tyranny, aristocratic rule or dictatorship could destroy the peace, freedom, and serenity of common man.

Crime and Prostitution Essay Example for Free

Crime and Prostitution Essay Prostitution is known as the oldest profession in the world, however, many states in the U.S. outlaw it. The textbook definition of prostitution is the act or practice of engaging in sexual acts for money (Prostitution, Macmillan 805). Nevada is the first in the United States to legalize prostitution. Although the long term effects of legalized prostitution is uncertain, the short term effects have been economically beneficial. Prostitution should be legalized because not only could it financially benefit the country, but it could also reduce crime. There are many reasons why prostitution is illegal in 49 U.S. states today. First, and foremost, many people feel that prostitution should stay illegal in order to preserve morality. Parents do not want their children to grow up thinking that prostitution is acceptable. Worse yet, parents do not want to hear their children say, When I grow up, I want to be a prostitute. Christianity also looks down upon prostitution because according to their beliefs, the act of sex is only to be done when a man and a women are in love and married. Monogamy is to be practiced in the marriage, and any violation of this is considered a sin. Another reason why the preservation of morality is so important is that peoples morals shape the future of a nation. Many people feel that if prostitution is legalized, then its long term effects would be detrimental to the.