Ellen Craft Abolitionist and Educator

Known for: escaped from enslavement to become an active abolitionist and educator, wrote with her husband a book about their escape Dates: 1824 - 1900 About Ellen Craft Ellen Craft’s mother was an enslaved woman of African descent and some European ancestry, Maria, in Clinton, Georgia.  Her father was the enslaver of her mother, Major James Smith.  Smith’s wife did not like Ellen’s presence, as she resembled Major Smith’s family.  When Ellen was eleven years old, she was sent to Macon, Georgia, with a daughter of the Smith’s, as a wedding gift to the daughter. In Macon, Ellen met William Craft, an enslaved man, and craftsman. They wanted to marry, but Ellen did not want to bear any children as long as they would also be enslaved at birth, and could be separated as she was from her mother.  Ellen wanted to defer marriage until they escaped, but she and William could not find a workable plan, given how far they would have to travel on foot through states where they could be found out.  When the â€Å"owners† of the two gave permission for them to marry in 1846, they did so. Escape Plan In December of 1848, they came up with a plan.  William later said it was his plan, and Ellen said it was hers.  Each said, in their story, that the other resisted the plan at first.  Both stories agree: the plan was for Ellen to disguise herself as a white male slaveowner, traveling with William, as her slave.  They recognized that a white woman would be far less likely to be traveling alone with a black man.  Ã‚  They would take traditional transportation, including boats and trains, and thus make their way more safely and quickly than by foot.  To begin their journey, they had passes to visit friends on another family’s land, a distance away, so it would be some time before their escape was noticed. This ruse would be difficult, as Ellen had never learned to write – they both had learned the rudiments of the alphabet, but not more.  Their solution was to have her right arm in a cast, to excuse her from signing hotel registers. She dressed in men’s clothing which she had secretly sewn herself, and she cut her hair short in a men’s hairstyle. She wore shaded glasses and bandages on her head, pretending to be sickly to account for her small size and weaker condition than an elite white man would likely be in. The Journey North They left on December 21, 1848.  They took trains, ferries, and steamers as they crossed from Georgia into South Carolina to North Carolina and Virginia, then into Baltimore, on a five-day trip.  They arrived in Philadelphia on December 25.  The trip almost ended before it began when, on their first train, she found herself sitting next to a white man who had been at her enslaver’s home for dinner just the day before. She pretended that she could not hear him when he asked her a question, fearing that he could recognize her voice, and she spoke curtly when she could no longer ignore his loud questioning.  In Baltimore, Ellen met the danger posed by being challenged for papers for William by challenging the official strongly. In Philadelphia, their contacts put them in touch with Quakers and freed black men and women. They spent three weeks in the home of a white Quaker family, Ellen suspicious of their intentions.  The Ivens family began to teach Ellen and William to read and write, including writing their own names. Life in Boston After their brief stay with the Ivens family, Ellen and William Craft went to Boston, where they were in touch with the circle of abolitionists including William Lloyd Garrison and Theodore Parker.  They began speaking in abolitionist meetings for a fee to help sustain themselves, and Ellen applied her seamstress skills. Fugitive Slave Act In 1850, with the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act, they could not remain in Boston.  The family that had enslaved them in Georgia sent catchers to the north with papers for their arrest and return, and under the new law, there would be little question.  President Millard Fillmore insisted that if the Crafts were not turned over, he would send the United States Army to enforce the law.  Abolitionists hid the Crafts and protected them, then helped them to get out of the city via Portland, Maine, to Nova Scotia and from there to England. English Years In England, they were promoted by abolitionists as proof against the prejudice of inferior mental abilities in those from Africa.  William was the main spokesperson, but Ellen also sometimes spoke. They also continued to study, and the widow of the poet Byron found a place for them to teach in a rural trade school that she had founded. The first child of the Crafts was born in England in 1852.  Four more children followed, for a total of four sons and one daughter (also named Ellen). Moving to London in 1852, the couple published their story as Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom, joining a genre of slave narratives that were used to help promote the end of slavery.  After the American Civil War broke out, they worked to convince the British not to enter the war on the side of the Confederacy.  Near the end of the war, Ellen’s mother came to London, with the help of British abolitionists.  William made two trips to Africa during this time in England, establishing a school in Dahomey.  Ellen especially supported a society for aid to freedmen in Africa and the Caribbean. Georgia In 1868, after the war had ended, Ellen and William Craft and two of their children moved back to the United States, purchasing some land near Savannah, Georgia, and opening a school for black youth.  To this school they dedicated years of their life.  In 1871 they bought a plantation, hiring tenant farmers to produce crops which they sold around Savannah.  Ellen managed the plantation during William’s frequent absences. William ran for the state legislature in 1874 and was active in state and national Republican politics.  He also traveled north to fundraise for their school and to raise consciousness about conditions in the South.  They eventually abandoned the school amid rumors that they were taking advantage of the funding of people from the North. Around 1890, Ellen went to live with her daughter, whose husband, William Demos Crum, would later be a minister to Liberia.  Ellen Craft died in 1897 and was buried on their plantation.  William, living in Charleston, died in 1900.

Essay on Bricolage Fashion - 1203 Words

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A Comparison of Two Poems About Love Essay Example For Students

A Comparison of Two Poems About Love Essay The two poems I have chosen on the theme of love are Porphyrias Lover by Robert Browning and Stop All The Clocks by W.H Auden. Porphyrias Lover, a dramatic monologue was written as a piece of entertainment in Victorian times, it would have been acted out to an audience. The narrative of this poem is that Porphyria was seeing someone below her own social class and no one knew about their relationship. She left the party early to go and see him as shown in the lines When glided in Porphyria ; strait she shut the cold out and the storm even they both knew that they could never be together forever. Stop All The Clocks is about the death of a much loved partner , The speaker wants all the ordinary thing in his life to stop happening and he also wants the whole world to stop. Now he has lost the love of his life he has no reason to go on any more, as shown in the lines Stop all the clocks, cut of the telephone, prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone Porphyrias Lover a very dramatic monologue as shown in the lines and strangled her. No pain felt she, I am quite sure she felt no pain. This shows that there is a use of dramatic language, he did not want her to feel no pain because he loved her, it also emphasises the point that she is dead. This poem is written as one long story, consisting of one long stanza. The poem is written in first person as if there is an imaginary speaker, the young man. No one knows who he could be, perhaps Browning heard about the story from real life and turned it onto a poem. Although there are very clear descriptions of both of them, as shown in the lines dripping cloak and shawl and laid her soiled gloves by, untied her hat and let the damp hair fall this helps you to see a reasonable description of how she looked that night. In Porphyrias Lover the speaker of the poem is in a deep mood of depression, shown in the lines the rain set early into the night, the sullen wind was soon awake this describes the characters mood but it also mirrors the weather and sets the scene of the poem, the young man also seems very lonely and depressed, I listend with a heart fit to break this shows that the man I very heartbroken and he just wants to be loved by her and he wants to be with her forever as shown in the lines and give herself to me forever, but he knows that it will never happen, as shown in the lines made my heart swell, and still it grew while I debated what to do! Throughout this poem there are several uses of alternate rhymes: awake and lake, warm and form and straight and grate. These words help the poem to flow and to unify it. The poem Stop All The Clocks by W.H Auden is a lot shorter and it consists of four equal stanzas and each one consists of four lines. This poem is much shorter and simpler. This helps the reader of the poem to understand the poets emotions. Unlike Brownings poem this poem expresses there feelings of someone who has lost of his loved one, as shown in the lines for nothing now can ever come to any good. The poem does not explain what has happened, it tells you how the man is feeling and about his loss, as shown in the lines My north, my south, my east, my west this shows that his loved one meant the world to him, and he now feels directionless and he doesnt no were to go or what to do. Also about his emotions and that he is grieving, as shown in the lines silence the pianos and with muffled drum, bring out the coffin, let the mourners come .The poem explains how the man is dealing with the loss of his loved one. The writer expresses his feelings very strongly, he thinks that his world has ended as shown in the lines pack up the moon and dismantle the sun. Also that he has no reason to live any more. The speaker uses his feelings to tell other people that may be in his position when they have lost their loved one. As shown in the lines Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead the word moaning shows the grief that the speaker is feeling through the use of personification. It also gives the reader a sense of great loss. The feelings expressed in the poem overall devastation, leaving the reader of the poem in deep sympathy for the man because he seems lost without his long lost loved one, as shown in the lines my working week and my Sunday rest. He just wants his life to end, and everyone else to notice that he cant hack being alone by him self, so lonely, shown in the lines Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood; for nothing now can come to any good. The communication aspects of the "Dead Poets Society" EssayThe woman in this poem is very out of touch and old fashioned as shown in the linesand made her smooth, white shoulder bare, and all her yellow hair displaced This shows that she was putting her shoulder on show on purpose, she was being very provocative because having your shoulder or legs showing in those days meant that you were being very open and provocative. Whereas nowadays if you did that everyone would not think any less of you and its known to be normal. By doing this she made the man think that she wanted him to see all of her flesh and that he felt happy and wanted because of the provocative way that she was acting. The man in the poem is in a much lower social class to the women and this is why they cant be together for ever. She is from a wealthy family and her father would have been an important person whereas the man in the poem was just a peasant compared to her family. He knows they would not approve and they certainly would not let their daughter marry him. However in Stop All The Clocks which is a 20th century poem nothing is mentioned about their social classes, because people these days dont really worry about that type of thing. These two poems are totally different, although they are about the same subject; one is more modern than the other one. In Porphyrias Lover the poet compares the dead lover to a shut bud. This is very weird as shown in the lines I am quite sure she felt no pain. As a shut bud that holds a bee , He murdered her, but he did not want to cause her any pain because he loves her. The metaphor a bee in a shut bud is used because a bee could not escape from a shut bud, just like Porphyria could not escape from him, also she was being held gently and a bee in a shut bud is held gently. Porphyrias Lover has a moral to the poem and Stop All The Clocks does not really have one. The moral of the Browning poem is to warn young ladies like her not to have a secret relationship with anyone especially if they are of a lower social class than you. The warning is to avoid falling in love with anyone thats not suitable and dont disobey and lie to your family about what youre doing and where you have been or where youre going. Stop all the Clocks is a clear expression of feelings when someone who is loved dies, most people cam relate to how painful death is. Personally I prefer the poem Stop All the Clocks By W. H. Auden; there are many reasons for this. Its a more modern poem, and it makes more sense to me. I like the use of metaphors and how they show the feelings of the speaker, He was my north, my south, my east, my west, my working week and my Sunday rest. This compares the love for the dead person with the points of a compass, which shows how big and strong the love was. However I dont think that there was no purpose to this poem when it was wrote, even though the words and feelings used to describe the feelings of the speaker do explain a lot and they tend to give you an impression of what has happened and what they have lost, it also tells you what it can feel like to loose someone close to you. Although if the reader has lost someone then they can relate to the poem and the feelings that have been described in the poem much more. The use of repetition adds impact on the thoughts of the reader, as shown in the lines my noon, my midnight, my talk, my song. When repetition is used it forces the message across to the reader, in this case the message was that the heart broken lover who lost there loved one is saying that his lover was only his and no one elses, also no one else would understand his feelings because o one would understand why he was hurting so much. The final reason why I preferred this poem to Porphyrias Lover is because the heart broken man just wanted everything in the world to stop as shown in the lines pack up the moon and dismantle the sun and I can understand that and it made me feel sympathy for him. The reason why he wanted everything to stop was that he had no reason to carry on in life. He has lost the person who was the centre of his world and he is now lost because he is by himself. This poem is a very expressive poem and it explains his feelings and what he is going through.